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PRINCIPALS MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES AND TEACHER JOB PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU EDUCATION ZONE OF ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
(THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA, 2026-11-04) ODIRACHUKWU LUCY UGWUANYI
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between principal motivational strategies and teacher job performance in public secondary schools in Enugu Education Zone, Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was guided by the following research questions: How do principal’s recognition practices relate to teacher job performance? To what extent does Principal’s support for professional development of teachers relate to their job performance? What is the relationship between principal provision of prompt feedback and teachers’ job performance? What challenges do principals experience in the use of effective motivational strategies to enhance teacher job performance? What strategies can principals implement to enhance teacher job performance? The study was anchored on Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation of 1959. A convergent mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining a cross-sectional survey for the quantitative method and phenomenology for the qualitative method. The study's target population included 32 public secondary schools, 1,757 teachers and 32 principals in Enugu Education zone. Sample size included 10 public schools, selected using stratified sampling, 264 teachers selected by stratified random sampling, 10 deans of studies and 10 Principals selected using criterion sampling. Data collection instruments included questionnaires, interview guides and document analysis. Research instruments were validated through face and content validity and reliability ensured using Cronbach’s Alpha at a threshold of 0.70. Trustworthiness of qualitative instruments was ensured. Quantitative data were analysed using The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to generate frequencies and percentages, which were summarized and presented in frequency distribution tables. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and presented narratively, with relevant direct quotations. The study adhered to ethical considerations. The study revealed that recognition practices, professional development opportunities and prompt feedback systems have significant positive relationships with teachers’ job performance. The study further found that excessive workload, inadequate funding, poor communication, limited professional development opportunities and bias in recognition hinder the effective implementation of motivational strategies. The study concluded that fair recognition, continuous professional development, regular feedback, improved teacher welfare and incentives, adequate government support and reduced administrative constraints are essential for creating a supportive school environment and improving educational outcomes. It recommends that Principals should implement fair recognition systems, provide continuous professional development, offer timely constructive feedback while educational authorities should provide adequate funding, clear motivational policies, and reduce principals’ administrative workload. Principals should also collaborate with PTAs, old students’ associations, NGOs and other stakeholders to mobilize resources, while teachers should actively participate in professional development programs to enhance their competence and job performance.
HEADS OF INSTITUTIONS’ RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CBE IN RURAL PUBLIC COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS IN MATAYOS SUB- COUNTY, BUSIA, KENYA
(THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA, 2026-11-04) JUDITH AWINO WANZALA
The study investigated heads of institutions’ resource management strategies on the implementation of Competency Based Education in rural public Comprehensive schools in Matayos Sub-County, Busia- Kenya. It was guided by the following research questions: In which ways do heads of institutions’ human resource management strategies enhance the implementation of CBE? What financial resource management strategies do heads of institutions utilize to facilitate the implementation of CBE? To what extent do the heads of institutions’ physical & infrastructural resource management strategies affect the implementation of CBE? How do the heads of institutions’ community and stakeholders’ engagement strategies enhance the implementation of CBE? The Resource-Based View Theory (RBV) anchored the study. A convergent design under Mixed-methods research approach guided the study. The target population consisted of 36 Schools, 36 heads of institutions, 650 teachers, 36 Board of Management members (BOM) and 2 Quality Assurance and Standard Officers (QASOs). Stratified Random Sampling was used to select 11 schools and 195 teachers, purposive sampling technique was used to obtain 11 heads of institutions, 2 QASOs, and 11 BOM. Questionnaires, interview guide, focus group discussion and document analysis guide were used to collect data after being scrutinized for both content and face validity through expert review. Cronbach's Alpha technique determined the reliability of quantitative data of Likert type items while those of qualitative data was ensured in terms of their credibility and dependability. Descriptive statistics analyzed quantitative data while qualitative data was analyzed thematically and inferential statistics tested the hypothesis. Research ethics were observed throughout the entire research process. The study established that resource management strategies of Heads of Institutions such as human, financial, physical, infrastructural and stakeholder engagement strategies positively affected implementation of CBE in rural public comprehensive schools. There were challenges, however, with teacher development, resources, infrastructure and community engagement. The study found that effective management of resources was vital for the successful implementation of CBE and recommended the need for strengthened leadership practices, increased allocation of resources, sustained support for teachers, improved infrastructure and enhanced stakeholder collaboration.
HEALTHCARE WORKERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEVOLVED HEALTH FUNCTION AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE GAPS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
(THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA, 2026-11-04) PAULPETER MAKANDA MAKOKHA
This research was undertaken to explore healthcare workers’ perspectives on the devolved health function and mental health service gaps in Nairobi County, Kenya. It was guided by the following specific objectives: describe healthcare workers’ perspectives on the devolved health function and mental health prevalence gap; discover healthcare workers’ perspectives on the devolved health function and mental health literacy gap; explore healthcare workers’ perspectives on the devolved health function and mental health funding gap; and understand healthcare workers’ perspectives on the devolved health function and mental health staffing gap. It was anchored on 3 theories: the decentralization theory; the ecological systems theory; and the structural functionalist theory. The study adopted the case study research design and was purely qualitative in approach. The saturation method of sample size determination was applied. Data was collected through in-depth interview guides, key informant interviews, and FGDs, and analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis and document analysis. The findings of the study under the first objective indicated that majority of respondents representing 64 percent were of the general view that Nairobi City County ameliorated the mental health prevalence gap. The findings of the study under the second objective indicated that majority of respondents representing 59 percent were of the general view that Nairobi City County addressed the mental health literacy gap. The findings of the study under the third objective indicated that majority of respondents representing 68.5 percent were of the general view that Nairobi City County addressed the mental health funding gap. The findings of the study under the fourth objective indicated that majority of respondents representing 76.2 percent were of the general view that Nairobi City County addressed the mental health staffing gap. The findings derived from the Braun and Clarke (2006) analytical framework indicated that Nairobi under the county government addressed mental health prevalence gaps, mental health literacy gap, mental health funding gap, and mental health staffing gap The study concluded that devolved health function had played a significant role in ameliorating mental health service gaps in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study recommended that Nairobi City County ought to: further enhance reporting of mental health cases; upscale anti-stigma campaigns; increase mental health budgetary allocation; and hire more mental health experts, and that Kenya’s 47 counties must develop specific budget lines for mental healthcare.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SACRIFICE IN MORAL FORMATION FOR INTEGRAL CHRISTIANITY AMONG THE AGĨKŨYŨ CATHOLICS OF KIKUYU SUB-COUNTY OF KIAMBU IN KENYA
(THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA, 2026-11-04) OCTAVIOUS WACHIRA MUGO
The study examined the multifaced convergence between Agĩkũyũ traditional sacrifice, moral formation and integral Christianity variables. Sacrifice has long been a core tenet in moral formation in diverse societies for integral Christianity. Among the Agĩkũyũ Catholics of Kikuyu Sub-County of Kiambu in Kenya, sacrificial virtues and ritual practice played a vital role in fostering moral formation for integral Christianity. The study examined significance of sacrifice in moral formation for integral Christianity among the Agĩkũyũ Catholics of Kikuyu Sub-County of Kiambu in Kenya. It employed syncretism as its primary theory and adaptation as supplement theory. Sacrificial virtues and ritual were essential in promoting holistic orthopraxis. First objective investigated the significance of sacrificial virtues in moral formation for integral Christianity. Second objective find out the significance of sacrificial ritual in moral formation for integral Christianity. Third objective assessed the contribution of sacrifice in inculturation of moral formation for integral Christianity. Finally, the fourth objective established ongoing adaptation of sacrifice in moral formation for integral Christianity among the Agĩkũyũ Catholics of Kikuyu Sub-County of Kiambu in Kenya. The study employed a mixed-methods approach for comprehensive result. The study targeted approximate population of 3,500 respondents from the five Catholic Parishes in Kikuyu Sub-County of Kiambu in Kenya. A representative sample of 216 participants selected for the study. Data collection was conducted through structured questionnaires and in-depth oral guided interviews were conducted from the five Religious Leaders as the Parish Priests in the five Catholic Parish sampled. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 30.0 and the findings were presented through descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, tables and figures. The study revealed that sacrifice in moral formation for integral Christianity of Kikuyu Sub-County Kiambu in Kenya was significant. Some of Agĩkũyũ sacrificial virtues and ritual such as selflessness, honesty, generosity, justice, temperance, courage, respect, purity, commitment, devotion and empathy were cherished as key in moral formation for integral Christianity. Sacrificial ritual emerged as significant resilient element in expression of faith, reinforcing orthopraxis in Christian teachings and practice to cultivating moral behaviours and character of the Agĩkũyũ Catholics. Moreover, the process of inculturation was found to be a critical factor in integrating traditional sacrificial virtues and ritual to localize Christianity. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the harmonization of traditional Agĩkũyũ sacrificial ritual with Christian liturgy enhanced relevant integration of both. This fusion deepened the understanding of Christian teachings, reinforced core principles and fostered greater participation in worship. The findings affirmed that sacrifice as virtues and ritual, substantially contributed to moral formation for integral Christianity among the Agĩkũyũ Catholics of Kikuyu Sub-County of Kiambu in Kenya. The study concluded that inculturation remained a vital mechanism for contextualizing Christian teachings and practice meaningfully. The study recommended an ongoing adaptation of sacrificial virtues and ritual in moral formation for Christian pedagogy and pastoral engagement. This deepened cultural relevance and strengthen moral formation for integral Christianity within the Agĩkũyũ Catholics of Kikuyu Sub-County of Kiambu in Kenya.
ANALYSIS OF WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICT: A CASE OF AKOBO COUNTY, SOUTH SUDAN.
(THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA, 2026-11-04) MICHAEL WIYUAL TUT
Women globally continue to be negatively affected by protracted inter/intra-community conflicts. The situation is not different in South Sudan where they bear the largest brunt of inter-ethnic hostility. They have been deliberately targeted and subjected to widespread sexual violence including abduction and rape. However, despite their prolonged suffering, women have been under-represented in peacebuilding initiatives. The study aimed to analyse women involvement in inter-ethnic conflict in Akobo County, South Sudan. It was guided by the following specific objectives; to examine the perception of the community regarding women involvement in inter-ethnic conflict, to investigate the reasons for women involvement in inter- ethnic conflict, to assess the role of women in inter-ethnic conflict, and to propose strategies employed by women towards resolving inter-ethnic conflict in Akobo County, South Sudan. The researcher adopted instrumentalism and primordialism theories. A mixed research approach with a focus on sequential explanatory design was adopted. The target population was 1,210 from which, a sample size of 300 respondents was selected using the Slovin’s formula. Quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire while qualitative data was collected using interview guide, focus group discussion guide, and observation. Quantitative data was analysed using excel involving the use of graphs, pie charts, tables, and frequencies, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The research findings revealed that inter-ethnic conflict in Akobo County, South Sudan is mainly driven by competition over resources; mainly cattle, protracted ethnic hatred and tension, women and child abduction, and political influence. The study also revealed that culturally, women are peace makers who have been at the forefront in strengthening inter/intra-community reconciliation and peacebuilding in the area. During the field survey, it was observed that in spite of relative stability, fear and uncertainty continue to create doubt for lasting peace to prevail in the area. The study recommends inclusive inter/intra-community dialogue to build trust and confidence, sports and cultural initiatives to enhance trust and confidence and assist in trauma healing and recovery, economic empowerment for women, job opportunities for youth, and enforcement of rule of law to enhance safety of the community to freely engage in socio- economic activities to strengthen social cohesion in the area